Использование искусственного интеллекта, виртуальной, дополненной и смешанной реальности и 3D-технологий в лечении мочекаменной болезни
Введение. Мочекаменная болезнь (МКБ) – распространенное урологическое заболевание. Современные минимально инвазивные методы лечения требуют высокой точности. Технологии искусственного интеллекта (ИИ), виртуальной (VR), дополненной (AR), смешанной реальности (MR) и 3D-моделирования активно внедряются в клиническую практику и образование для повышения эффективности вмешательств.Акопян Г.Н., Гасанова Л.К., Матковский И.А., Додов М.З., Гаджиев Н.К., Горгоцкий И.А., Руденко В.И., Глыбочко П.В.
Цель. Систематический анализ современных данных о применении ИИ, VR, AR, MR и 3D-технологий в диагностике, лечении и обучении при МКБ.
Материалы и методы. Проведен аналитический обзор литературы. Поиск источников осуществлялся преимущественно в базах данных PubMed и Journal of Urology. Основной акцент сделан на публикации за последние 5 лет, однако для освещения исторических и фундаментальных аспектов привлекались и более ранние работы.
Результаты. Технологии демонстрируют высокий потенциал в ключевых областях: 1) ИИ – прогнозирование исходов лечения (сепсис, эффективность ПНЛ, отхождение камня) с AUC до 0,95, автоматический анализ и сегментация конкрементов на КТ и эндоскопическом видео (DSC до 0,97), определение состава камней. 2) 3D-технологии – предоперационное моделирование и печать улучшают планирование ПНЛ, сокращая время операции и повышая точность доступа. Uro Dyna-CT обеспечивает точное интраоперационное измерение остаточных фрагментов. 3) AR/MR/VR – системы навигации сокращают время и попытки пункции при ПНЛ. VR-симуляторы (например, Uro Mentor) значительно повышают эндоурологические навыки у обучающихся, сокращая время процедур и снижая количество ошибок.
Выводы. Интеграция ИИ, VR, AR, MR и 3D-моделирования в урологию при МКБ ведет к персонализации лечения, повышению точности вмешательств, снижению риска осложнений и созданию эффективных обучающих систем. Для широкого внедрения необходимы дальнейшие исследования, особенно в сложных клинических сценариях, и валидация в реальной практике.
Ключевые слова
Список литературы
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