In the article an experience of successful surgical treatment of such a rare pathology in children, acute primary purulent paranephritis is described. In 11 children aged from 2 days to 14 years the standard laboratory, imaging and X-rays studies, including CT and MRI. Upper, posterior, anterior and lower paranephritis was detected in 2, 1, 2, and 6 cases, respectively.
The authors concluded that in case of inefficiency of antibacterial therapy the surgical intervention is a main approach to the treatment of acute primary purulent pyelonephritis in children.

Keywords: pararenal space, primary purulent paranephritis, antibacterial therapy, surgical treatment, children