Urolithiasis is a multifactorial metabolic disease caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental factors and is directly related to lifestyle. Multiple factors influencing the initiation of stone formation and the growth of urinary crystals are presented in the article. Based on the available data, an involvement of various specialists, including urologists, geneticists, physician office laboratory, radiation diagnostics specialists, nutritionists, endocrinologists, immunologists, physiotherapy and balneotherapy specialists, general practitioner, is necessary for effective treatment of patients with kidney stones.

Keywords: urinary stone disease, kidney stones, genetics, X-ray diagnostics, dietary factors, drinking regimen, risk factors for stone formation