A literature review dedicated to the problem of bacteriophage therapy for infectious and inflammatory diseases, including urological infections, is presented. Considering the growth of antibiotic resistance, the search for alternative treatments is relevant. Current data about bacteriophages and mechanism of their action, difference of virulent and temperate phages is given, as well as mechanisms of bacteria resistance to phages and ways of its overcoming. The history of phage therapy for infectious diseases from the beginning of the 20th century to the present days is presented. Pharmacokinetic studies of phages after oral administration are given. Moreover, we described our 30 years’ experience on of clinical use of bacteriophage cocktails in the treatment and prevention of urological infection. In addition, problems of phage therapy are discussed, including immunological issues and the advantages of bacteriophages over antibiotics.

Keywords: bacteriophages, phages, bacteriophage therapy