Trace elements play an important role in human health. They are involved in growth, development, reproduction, and other physiological functions. Among them, special attention is paid to zinc, which is an essential trace element required for the normal functioning of many organ systems. Experimental data have been accumulated indicating a significant role of zinc in the functioning of the male reproductive system and the spermatogenesis. Zinc concentration in seminal plasma is considerably higher compared to those in other body fluids. In contrast to its serum concentration, seminal zinc level is associated with the sperm concentration, motility and morphology. Under dietary deficiency, Zinc supplementation can significantly increase the ejaculate volume, sperm motility and morphology and improves overall sperm quality in infertile patients. Zinc, being a structural element of a large number of different macromolecules and enzymes, shows antioxidant, antibacterial and antiapoptotic properties in the testes. It should be considered as one of the trace elements with great potential for the prevention and treatment of male infertility and subfertility. The aim of this review is to analyze current publications and summarize information about the effect of zinc on male fertility and its properties related to sperm quality and successful fertilization.

Keywords: zinc, spermatogenesis, testosterone, male fertility, sperm quality