Aim: to study the influence of qualitative and microelement composition of drinking water on the incidence of urolithiasis in different regions of the Republic of Dagestan.
Materials and methods. The statistical data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Dagestan for 2000–2016 yy. were used. A total of 12123 outpatient and inpatient charts of patients with urinary stone disease were analyzed. The annual average quality of drinking water, as well as the contents of microelements in different climatic and geographical areas of the region were assessed.
The results. The high morbidity among the residents of the flat territory was established which was associated with the highest water hardness, high content of microelements and salts of heavy metals that exceeded the acceptable concentrations. The number of patients with urinary stone disease living in mountainous areas is much less (11.8%) than in the flat area (83.08%). A relationship between quality of water, microelement composition and urinary stone disease in this area was found. The stone disease was more common in women (66.3%) than in men (33.7%).
Conclusion. Our results can be used for the prevention of urinary stone disease given that the Republic of Dagestan is an endemic region.

Keywords: microelements, water hardness, urolithiasis