Urolithiasis is a polyethylological metabolic disease characterized by the formation of concrements in the kidneys. The study of trends in the prevalence of urolithiasis is of fundamental importance in practical medicine.
The incidence of nephrolithiasis is increasing worldwide. About 13% of men face urolithiasis in the course of life which is 3 times higher than in women. These data suggest that sex hormones may play an important role in the development of nephrolithiasis. It has been found that plasma oxalate concentration, urinary excretion of oxalate and calcium oxalate deposition in the kidneys can be increased by androgens and decreased by estrogens. It can reasonably be assumed that this is related to different testosterone concentrations. About 80% of the stones consist of calcium oxalate with variable amounts of calcium phosphate. Androgen receptor levels in the kidneys and plasma androgen levels in patients with nephrolithiasis have been reported to be significantly elevated.
The androgen receptor is a member of the steroid hormone receptor family and plays an important role in the physiology and pathology of various tissues and organs. Androgen receptor ligands are circulating testosterone and locally synthesized dihydrotestosterone. This knowledge may form the basis of new studies of urolitiasis and improve the understanding of the processes of kidney calculi formation.

Keywords: calcium oxalate, androgen receptor, testosterone, urolithiasis