In the part I of a literature review of modern national and foreign publications dedicated to the problem of immune disorders in acute pyelonephritis, information on the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis is summarized and systematized. The relationship between the pathogens and immune system, in particular the ability of pathogens to overcome the protective immune mechanisms are discussed. The role of neutrophilic granulocytes as well as cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis is shown. The changes in level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are separately highlighted. In conclusion, perspective directions for the studies in the area of immune disorders in acute pyelonephritis are proposed.

Keywords: disorders of immune status, acute pyelonephritis, review