The review describes large-scale microbiological studies performed in Russia over the past 20 years to study urinary tract infections (UTIs). The article analyzes data on the structure of UTI pathogens, as well as on the antibiotic resistance of the main uropathogens, compares the data with similar foreign studies.
From 1999 year, 7 large multicenter microbiological studies were carried out in Russia to obtain the data of the antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens caused community-acquired UTIs. An analysis of the data allows described trends in antimicrobial resistance – high level of resistance of uropathogens to aminopenicillins, co-trimoxazole, fluoroquinolones, an increase antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin / clavulanate, and third generation cephalosporins. In review discussed a critical assessment of various approaches to the use of data on the sensitivity of uropathogens to antimicrobial drugs when antimicrobial therapy is provided. The necessity of comparing not only microbiological data obtained from different sources, but also clinical data, characteristics of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial drugs is discussed.
The review discusses the difficulties associated with the clinical interpretation of data on the sensitivity of microorganisms, primarily in the limited objective information describing the correlation of in vitro data with the clinical efficacy of therapy. The publication substantiates the need for a wider conduct of not only microbiological, but also clinical studies to obtain data on the comparative efficacy of the used antimicrobial drugs.

Keywords: breakpoints, antibiotic resistance, urinary tract infection