Purpose. To assess postoperative bacteriuria and infectious complications in terms of antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) regimens, preoperative urine bacterial status and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) undergoing transurethral prostate surgery.
Materials and Methods. The PubMed, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar and the Cochrane bibliographic databases were searched from 1992 to 2022. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and inverse variance method was used to calculate mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Primary outcome was the development of asymptomatic bacteriuria, secondary – development of infectious complications.
Results. This meta-analysis showed that ABP significantly decreased level of postoperative bacteriuria and infection complications. This meta-analysis was in favour of prolonged ABP (≥ 3 days) in lowering postoperative infectious complications rate compared to short regimens (≤ 24 hours). Preoperative bacteriuria was not significantly associated with postoperative bacteriuria level and infectious complications. Mean preoperative PSA level significantly differed in patients with and without postoperative bacteriuria.
Conclusion. This meta-analysis demonstrated significant gaps in the knowledge of perioperative bacterial status and antibiotic prophylaxis strategies efficacy in the group of patients undergoing transurethral prostate surgery. There is no consensus on optimal ABP regimen. Most of included studies had significant heterogeneity. Further studies are required.

Keywords: transurethral prostate surgery, bacteriuria, infectious complications, prostate-specific antigen, urinary tract infections