Urolithiasis is a common disease in the population. There is a strong association between urinary stone disease and metabolic syndrome. Components of metabolic syndrome significantly increase the likelihood of developing urolithiasis. The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying this relationship are reviewed in the article.
The surgical treatment of urolithiasis in overweight patients is challenging. However, due to the development of endourology and improved surgical skills, minimally invasive procedures such as extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, retrograde ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery have become the main interventions for the treatment of urolithiasis in morbidly obese patients, replacing traditional «open» procedures. The specific features of surgical treatment of urolithiasis in obese patients are described.

Keywords: ESWL, RIRS, endourology, urolithiasis, metabolic syndrome