Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) affects millions of women worldwide. Pelvic floor muscle training is the first-line treatment for SUI, and when ineffective, midurethral sling surgery becomes the gold standard of treatment. Recently, complications associated with the use of mesh prostheses, particularly chronic pain and dyspareunia, have become a major concern. Although traditional SUI treatments such as colposuspension and fascial slings are utilized, the future of SUI treatment is likely to depend on less invasive alternatives. Modern approaches such as volume-forming agents and laser treatment may have first-line treatment potential, but further long-term studies are needed. It is worth noting the increasing interest in the application of regenerative medicine and cellular technologies, but there is currently insufficient efficacy and safety data to recommend them in clinical practice. Patients should be involved in decision-making before any surgery to ensure that they are aware of the risks and treatment alternatives. Treatment should be selected on the basis of invasiveness and possible risks to provide women with the best individual treatment option.

Keywords: laser treatment for urinary incontinence, urethral bulking agents, colposuspension, Burch urethropexy, suburethral sling, stress urinary incontinence in women, TVT, cell therapy