Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of a new method of treatment for stress urinary incontinence in women using an ER: YAG laser in SMOOTH mode and investigate pathophysiological and pathomorphological changes induced by erbium laser.
Materials and methods. This study comprised 98 women aged 37–63 years, who between 2014 and 2016 were diagnosed with SUI (type 1 and 2a, 2b) and grade 0–2 vaginal prolapse. The treatment was performed with a 2940 nm Er:YAG laser (Fotona, Slovenia) using a SMOOTH mode. Clinical assessment included PFIQ-7 and PISQ-12 questionnaires, uroflowmetry, laser Doppler flowmetry and biopsy of the anterior vaginal wall. The examination was carried out at baseline and 1–2 months after the treatment.
Results. The effectiveness of treatment was 73%. There was no deterioration after the procedure. Analysis of PFIQ-7 and PISQ-12 questionnaires showed that patients with mild incontinence had the greatest difference between pre- and posttreatment results. Uroflowmetry parameters improved in a majority of patients. Results of laser Doppler flowmetry demonstrated the improvement of blood flow in the microvascular bed. An important feature of the vaginal biopsy after laser exposure was an increase in neoangiogenesis.
Discussion. The findings of questionnaires and clinical evaluation of patients with SUI and vaginal prolapse before and after treatment with Er: YAG laser showed high therapeutic effectiveness of this treatment modality.
Conclusion. Clinical effectiveness of ER: YAG laser in SMOOTH mode was 73%. Patients with type 1 and 2a SUI and mild or moderate incontinence have the best prognosis after treatment with this method.

Keywords: vaginal wall morphology, PISQ-12 questionnaire, PFIQ-7 questionnaire, erbium ER: YAG laser, vaginal prolapse, IncontiLase, uroflowmetry, laser doppler flowmetry, stress urinary incontinence