DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/urology.2020.3.111-120
Л.В. Осадчук, А.В. Осадчук
ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр "Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук"», Новосибирск, Россия
1. Kapitza S.P. Essay on the theory of human growth. Demographic revolution and information society. M: LIBROKOM. 2008. 128 pp. Russian (Капица С.П. Очерк теории роста человечества. Демографическая революция и информационное общество. М.: ЛЕНАНД. 2008. 128 с.). 2. Mascarenhas M.N., Flaxman S.R., Boerma T., Vanderpoel S., Stevens G.A. National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: A systematic analysis of 277 health surveys. PLoS Med. 2012; 9(12): e1001356. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001356. 3. The Demographic Yearbook of Russia 2019. https://www.gks.ru/folder/210/document/13207 Russian (Демографический ежегодник России 2019. https://www.gks.ru/folder/210/document/13207). 4. Chalturina D.A., Korotaev A.V. Russian cross. M: LIBROKOM. 2013. 128 pp. Russian (Халтурина Д.А., Коротаев А.В. Русский крест. М.: ЛИБРОКОМ. 2013. 128 с.). 5. Boivin J., Bunting L., Collins J.A., Nygren K.G. International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: potential need and demand for infertility medical care. Hum Reprod. 2007; 22(6): 1506–12. Doi: 10.1093/humrep/dem046. 6. Apolikhin O.I., Moskaleva N.G., Komarova V.A. Contemporary demographic situation and problems of improving the reproductive health of Russian population. Experimental and Clinical Urology. 2015;4:4–14. Russian (Аполихин О.И., Москалева Н.Г., Комарова В.А. Современная демографическая ситуация и проблемы улучшения репродуктивного здоровья населения России. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2015;4:4–14). 7. Agarwal A, Mulgund A, Hamada A, Chyatte MR. A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2015; 13:37. Doi: 10.1186/s12958-015-0032-1. 8. Lebedev G.S., Golubev N.A., Shaderkin I.A., Shaderkina V.A., Apolihin O.I., Sivkov A.V., Komarova V.A. Male infertility in the Russian Federation: statistical data for 2000-2018. Experimental and Clinical Urology. 2019;(4): 4–12. Doi: 10.29188/2222-8543-2019-11-4-4-12, page 4-12. Russian (Лебедев Г.С., Голубев Н.А., Шадеркин И.А., Шадеркина В.А., Аполихин О.И., Сивков А.В., Комарова В.А. Мужское бесплодие в Российской Федерации: статистические данные за 2000–2018 годы. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2019;(4):4–12. Doi: 10.29188/2222-8543-2019-11-4-4-12, с. 4–12). 9. Eisenberg M.L., Li S., Behr B., Cullen M.R., Galusha D., Lamb D.J., Lipshultz L.I. Semen quality, infertility and mortality in the USA. Hum Reprod. 2014; 29(7):1567–1574. Doi: 10.1093/humrep/deu106. 10. Ferlin A., Garolla A., Ghezzi M., Selice R., Palego P., Caretta N., Di Mambro A.,Valente U., De Rocco Ponce M., Dipresa S., Sartori L., Plebani M, Foresta C. Sperm count and hypogonadism as markers of general male health. Eur Urol Focus. 2019; pii: S2405–4569(19)30210-X. Doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.08.001. 11. Olsen J., Ramlau-Hansen C.H. Epidemiologic methods for investigating male fecundity. Asian J Androl. 2014; 16 (1):17–22. Doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.122198. 12. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. 5th ed. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press. 2010; 272 p. 13. Zinaman M.J., Brown C.C., Selevan S.G., Clegg E.D. Semen quality and human fertility: a prospective study with healthy couples. J Androl. 2000; 21: 145–153. 14. Slama R., Eustache F., Ducot B., Jensen T.K., Jørgensen N., Horte A., Irvine S., Suominen J., Andersen A.G., Auger J., Vierula M., Toppari J., Andersen A.N., Keiding N., Skakkebaek N.E., Spira A., Jouannet P. Time to pregnancy and semen parameters: a cross-sectional study among fertile couples from four European cities. Human Reprod. 2002;17(2):503–515. Doi: 10.1093/humrep/17.2.503. 15. De Jonge C. Semen analysis: looking for an upgrade in class. Fertil Steril. 2012;97(2):260–266. Doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.12.045. 16. Cooper T.G., Noonan E., von Eckardstein S., Auger J., Baker H.W., Behre H.M., Haugen T.B., Kruger T., Wang C., Mbizvo M.T., Vogelsong K.M. World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics. Hum Reprod Update. 2010; 16(3):231–245. Doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmp048. 17. Schulte R.T., Ohl D.A, Sigman M., Smith G.D. Sperm DNA damage in male infertility: etiologies, assays, and outcomes. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2010; 27(1): 3–12. Doi: 10.1007/s10815-009-9359-x 18. Barratt C.L.R, Björndahl L., De Jonge C.J., Lamb D.J., Osorio Martini F., McLachlan R., Oates R.D., van der Poel S., St John B., Sigman M., Sokol R., Tournaye H. The diagnosis of male infertility: an analysis of the evidence to support the development of global WHO guidance-challenges and future research opportunities. Hum Reprod Update. 2017; 23(6): 660–680. Doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmx021. 19. Jørgensen N., Joensen U.N., Jensen T.K., Jensen M.B., Almstrup K., Olesen I.A., Juul A., Andersson A.M., Carlsen E., Petersen J.H., Toppari J.,Skakkebæk N.E. Human semen quality in the new millennium: a prospective cross-sectional population-based study of 4867 men. BMJ Open. 2012; 2(4). pii: e000990. Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000990. 20. Iwamoto T., Nozawa S., Mieno M.N., Yamakawa K., Baba K., Yoshiike M., Namiki M., Koh E., Kanaya J., Okuyama A., Matsumiya K., Tsujimura A., Kanetake H., Eguchi J., Skakkebaek N.E., Vierula M., Toppari J., Jørgensen N.Semen quality of 1559 young men from four cities in Japan: a cross-sectional population-based study. BMJ Open. 2013; 3(4): pii: e002222. Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002222. 21. Tang Y.G., Tang L.X., Wang Q.L., Song G., Jiang Y.J., Deng S.M., Jiang F., Qin W.B. The reference values for semen parameters of 1213 fertile men in Guangdong province in China. Asian J Androl. 2015; 17(2): 298–303. Doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.143251. 22. Erenpreiss J., Punab M., Zilaitiene B., Hlevicka S., Zayakin P., Matulevicius V.,Tomas Preiksa R., Jørgensen N. Semen quality of young men from the general population in Baltic countries. Hum Reprod. 2017; 32(6):1334–1340. Doi: 10.1093/humrep/dex062. 23. Stokes-Riner A., Thurston S.W., Brazil C., Guzick D., Liu F., Overstreet J.W.,Wang C., Sparks A., Redmon J.B., Swan S.H. One semen sample or 2? Insights from a study of fertile men. J Androl. 2007; 28(5):638–643. Doi: 10.2164/jandrol.107.002741. 24. Rylander L., Wetterstrand B., Haugen T.B., Malm G., Malm J., Bjørsvik C., Henrichsen T., Saether T., Giwercman A. Single semen analysis as a predictor of semen quality: clinical and epidemiological implications. Asian J Androl. 2009;11(6):723–730. Doi: 10.1038/aja.2009.64. 25. Walker W.H. Testosterone signaling and the regulation of spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis. 2011; 1(2): 116–120. Doi: 10.4161/spmg.1.2.16956. 26. Shiraishi K., Matsuyama H. Gonadotoropin actions on spermatogenesis and hormonal therapies for spermatogenic disorders. Endocr J. 2017; 64(2): 123–131. Doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ17-0001. 27. Sikka S.C., Hellstrom W.J. Current updates on laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of male reproductive failure. Asian J Androl. 2016; 18(3): 392–401. Doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.179161. 28. Andersson A.-M., Jørgensen N., Frydelund-Larsen L., Rajpert-De Meyts E., Skakkebæk N.E. Impaired Leydig cell function in infertile men: a study of 357 idiopathic infertile men and 318 proven fertile controls. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89(7): 3161–3167. Doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031786. 29. Jørgensen N., Joensen U.N., Toppari J., Punab M., Erenpreiss J., Zilaitiene B., Paasch U., Salzbrunn A., Fernandez M.F., Virtanen H.E., Matulevicius V., Olea N., Jensen T.K., Petersen J.H., Skakkebæk N.E., Andersson A.M. Compensated reduction in Leydig cell function is associated with lower semen quality variables: a study of 8182 European young men. Hum Reprod. 2016; 31(5):947–957. Doi: 10.1093/humrep/dew021. 30. Andersson A.-M., Petersen J.H., Jørgensen N., Jensen T.K., Skakkebaek N.E. Serum inhibin B and follicle-stimulating hormone levels as tools in the evaluation of infertile men: significance of adequate reference values from proven fertile men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89(6): 2873–2879. Doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-032148. 31. Iliadou PK, Tsametis C, Kaprara A, Papadimas I, Goulis DG. The Sertoli cell: Novel clinical potentiality. Hormones (Athens). 2015; 14(4): 504-514. Doi: 10.14310/horm.2002.1648. 32. Hipler U.C., Hochheim B., Knöll B., Tittelbach J., Schreiber G. Serum inhibin B as a marker for spermatogenesis. Arch Androl. 2001; 46(3):217–222. Doi: 10.1080/01485010151096540. 33. Mędraś M., Trzmiel-Bira A., Jóźków P., Terpiłowski L., Zagocka E., Sicińska-Werner T. Inhibin B and FSH as markers of Sertoli cell function in impaired spermatogenesis. Endokrynol Pol. 2010; 61(6):695-698. 34. Barbotin A.L., Ballot C., Sigala J., Ramdane N., Duhamel A., Marcelli F., Rigot J.M., Dewailly D., Pigny P., Mitchell V. The serum inhibin B concentratin and reference ranges in normozoospermia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015; 172(6): 669–676. Doi: 10.1530/EJE-14-0932. 35. Dhooge W., Van Larebeke N., Comhaire F., Kaufman J.-M. Regional variations in semen quality of community-dwelling young men from Flanders are not paralleled by hormonal indices of testicular function. J. Androl. 2007; 28(3): 435–443. Doi: 10.2164/jandrol.106.001644. 36. Osadchuk L.V., Popova A.V., Kleshev M.A., Osadchuk A.V. Regional variations in spermatogenesis parameters and reproductive hormonal levels of young men from Western Siberia. Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova. 2017; 103(8): 940–951. Russian (Осадчук Л.В., Попова А.В., Клещев М.А., Осадчук А.В. Региональная изменчивость показателей сперматогенеза и уровня репродуктивных гормонов у молодых мужчин Западной Сибири. Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова. 2017; 103(8): 940–951). 37. Tamburrino L., Marchiani S., Montoya M., Elia Marino F., Natali I., Cambi M., Forti G., Baldi E., Muratori M. Mechanisms and clinical correlates of sperm DNA damage. Asian J. Androl. 2012; 14(1): 24–31. Doi: 10.1038/aja.2011.59. 38. Evenson D.P. The Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA(®)) and other sperm DNA fragmentation tests for evaluation of sperm nuclear DNA integrity as related to fertility. Anim Reprod Sci. 2016; 169: 56–75. Doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.01.017. 39. Cissen M., Wely Mv., Scholten I., Mansell S., Bruin J.P.d., Mol B.W., Braat D.,Repping S., Hamer G. Measuring sperm DNA fragmentation and clinical outcomes of medically assisted reproduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2016; 11(11): e0165125. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165125. 40. Bezrukov E.A., Proskura A.V. Relation between oxidative stress and sperm DNA damage. Problemy reproduktsii. 2016; 22(6): 103–109. Doi: 10.17116/repro2016226103–109. Russian (Безруков Е.А., Проскура А.В. Взаимосвязь окислительного стресса и повреждения генетического материала сперматозоидов. Проблемы репродукции. 2016; 22(6): 103–109. Doi: 10.17116/repro2016226103-109). 41. Simon L., Zini A., Dyachenko A., Ciampi A., Carrell D.T. A systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of sperm DNA damage on in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome. Asian J Androl. 2017; 19(1): 80–90. Doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.182822 42. Barratt C.L., Aitken R.J., Bjorndahl L., Carrell D.T., de Boer P., Kvist U., Lewis S.E., Perreault S.D., Perry M.J.. Ramos L., Robaire D., Word S., Zini A., Sperm DNA: organization, protection and vulnerability: from basic science to clinical applications - a position report. Hum Reprod. 2010; 25(4): 824–838. Doi: 10.1093/humrep/dep465. 43. Efremov E.A., Kasatonova E.V., Melnik Ya.I., Nikushina A.A. Why are recommendations on the study of ejaculate not updated? Urologiia. 2019; 4:148-154. Russian (Ефремов Е.А., Касатонова Е.В., Мельник Я.И.,Никушина А.А. Почему не обновляются рекомендации по исследованию эякулята? 2019. Урология. 4:148–154. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/urology.2019.4.148–154). 44. Cho CL, Agarwal A. Role of sperm DNA fragmentation in male factor infertility: A systematic review. Arab J Urol. 2017; 16(1): 21–34. Doi: 10.1016/j.aju.2017.11.002. 45. Osadchuk L.V., Tataru D.A., Kuznetsova N.N., Kleshev M.A., Markova E.V.,Svetlakov A.V. Sperm DNA fragmentation: association with semen parameters in young men. Urologiia. 2016;6:118-123. Russian (Осадчук Л.В., Татару Д.А., Кузнецова Н.Н., Клещев М.А., Маркова Е.В., Светлаков А.В. Фрагментация ДНК в сперматозоидах: связь с параметрами сперматогенеза у молодых мужчин. Урология. 2016;6:118–123). 46. Le M.T., Nguyen T.A.T., Nguyen H.T.T., Nguyen T.T.T., Nguyen V.T., Le D.D., Nguyen V.Q.H., Cao N.T. Does sperm DNA fragmentation correlate with semen parameters? Reprod Med Biol. 2019; 18(4): 390-396. Doi: 10.1002/rmb2.12297. 47. Osadchuk L.V., Erkovich A.A., Tataru D.A., Markova E.V., Svetlakov A.V. Level of DNA fragmentation in human sperm cells in varicocele and prostatitis. Urologiia. 2014;3:37-43. Russian (Осадчук Л.В., Еркович А.А., Татару Д.А., Маркова Е.В., Светлаков А.В. Уровень фрагментации ДНК в сперматозоидах человека при варикоцеле и простатите. Урология. 2014;3: 37–43). 48. Tataru D.A., Markova Е.V., Osadchuk L.V., Sheina Е.Т., Svetlakov A.V. Tне optimal conditions of storage of spermatozoa for analysis of DNA fragmentation. Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics. 2015;60(4):52–56. Russian (Татару Д.А., Маркова Е.В., Осадчук Л.В., Шеина Ю.И., Светлаков А.В. Оптимальные условия хранения сперматозоидов для анализа фрагментации ДНК. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2015;60(4):52–56). 49. Carlsen E., Giwercman A., Keiding N., Skakkebaek N.E. Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. BMJ. 1992;305(6854):609–613. Doi: 10.1136/bmj.305.6854.609 50. Auger J., Kunstmann J., Czyglik F., Jouannet P. Decline in semen quality among fertile men in Paris during the past 20 years. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(5):281–285. Doi: 10.1056/NEJM199502023320501. 51. Irvine S., Cawood E., Richardson D., MacDonald E., Aitken J. Evidence of deteriorating semen quality in the United Kingdom: birth cohort study in 577 men in Scotland over 11 years. BMJ. 1996; 312(7029): 467–471. Doi: 10.1136/bmj.312.7029.467. 52. Adiga S., Jayaraman V., Kalthur G. Declining semen quality among south Indian infertile men: a retrospective study. J Human Reprod Sci. 2008; 1: 15–18. Doi: 10.4103/0974-1208.38972. 53. Borges E. Jr., Setti A.S., Braga D.P., Figueira Rde C., Iaconelli A. Jr. Decline in semen quality among infertile men in Brazil during the past 10 years. Int Braz J Urol. 2015; 41(4): 757–463. Doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2014.0186. 54. Rolland M, Le Moal J, Wagner V, Royère D, De Mouzon J. Decline in semen concentration and morphology in a sample of 26,609 men close to general population between 1989 and 2005 in France. Hum Reprod. 2013; 28(2): 462–470. Doi: 10.1093/humrep/des415. 55. Basnet P, Hansen SA, Olaussen IK, Hentemann MA, Acharya G. Changes in the semen quality among 5739 men seeking infertility treatment in Northern Norway over past 20 years (1993–2012). J Reprod Biotechnol Fertil. 2016; 5:1–7. Doi: 10.1177/2058915816633539. 56. Mínguez-Alarcón L., Williams P.L., Chiu Y.H., Gaskins A.J., Nassan F.L., Dadd R., Petrozza J., Hauser R., Chavarro J.E. Earth Study Team. Secular trends in semen parameters among men attending a fertility center between 2000 and 2017: Identifying potential predictors. Environ Int. 2018; 121 (Pt 2): 1297–1303. Doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.052. 57. Swan S.H., Elkin E.P., Fenster L. The question of declining sperm density revisited: an analysis of 101 studies published 1934–1996. Environ Health Perspect. 2000; 108(10): 961–966. Doi: 10.1289/ehp.00108961. 58. Levine H., Jørgensen N., Martino-Andrade A., Mendiola J., Weksler-Derri D., Mindlis I., Pinotti R., Swan S.H. Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2017; 23(6): 646–659. Doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmx022. 59. Vierula M., Niemi M., Keiski A., Saaranen M., Saarikoski S., Suominen J. High and unchanged sperm counts of Finnish men. Int J Androl. 1996; 19(1): 11–17. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1996.tb00427.x 60. Bujan L., Mansat A., Pontonnier F., Mieusset R. Time series analysis of sperm concentration in fertile men in Toulouse, France between 1977 and 1992. BMJ. 1996. 312 (7029): 471–472. Doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7029.471. 61. Fisch H., Goluboff E.T., Olson J.H., Feldshuh J., Broder S.J., Barad D.H. Semen analyses in 1,283 men from the United States over a 25-year period: no decline in quality. Fertil Steril. 1996; 65(5): 1009–1014. Doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)58278-8. 62. Rasmussen P.E., Erb K., Westergaard L.G., Laursen S.B. No evidence for decreasing semen quality in four birth cohorts of 1,055 Danish men born between 1950 and 1970. Fertil Steril. 1997; 68(6): 1059–1064. Doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)00377-4. 63. Itoh N., Kayama F., Tatsuki T.J., Tsukamoto T.. Have sperm counts deteriorated over the past 20 years in healthy, young Japanese men? Results from the Sapporo area. J Androl. 2001; 22(1): 40–44. 64. Axelsson J., Rylander L., Rignell-Hydbom A., Giwercman A. No secular trend over the last decade in sperm counts among Swedish men from the general population. Hum Reprod. 2011; 26(5): 1012–1016. Doi: 10.1093/humrep/der045. 65. Jørgensen N., Carlsen E., Nermoen I., Punab M., Suominen J., Andersen A.G.,Andersson A.M., Haugen T.B., Horte A., Jensen T.K., Magnus O., Petersen J.H.,Vierula M., Toppari J., Skakkebaek N.E. East-West gradient in semen quality in the Nordic-Baltic area: a study of men from the general population in Denmark, Norway, Estonia and Finland. Hum Reprod. 2002; 17(8): 2199–2208. Doi: 10.1093/humrep/17.8.2199. 66. Punab M., Zilaitiene B., Jørgensen N., Horte A., Matulevicius V., Peetsalu A.,Skakkebaek N.E. Regional differences in semen qualities in the Baltic region. Inter J Androl. 2002. 25(4): 243-52. Doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2605.2002.00359.x. 67. Paasch U., Salzbrunn A., Glander H.J., Plambeck K., Salzbrunn H., Grunewald S., Stucke J., Vierula M., Skakkebaek N.E., Jørgensen N. Semen quality in sub-fertile range for a significant proportion of young men from the general German population: a coordinated, controlled study of 791 men from Hamburg and Leipzig. Int J Androl. 2008; 31(2): 93–102. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365–2605.2007.00860.x. 68. Rahban R., Priskorn L., Senn A., Stettler E., Galli F., Vargas J., Van den Bergh M., Fusconi A., Garlantezec R., Jensen T.K., Multigner L., Skakkebaek N.E., Germond M., Jorgensen N., Nef S. NICER Working Group. Semen quality of young men in Switzerland: a nationwide cross-sectional population-based study. Andrology. 2019; 7(6): 818–826. Doi: 10.1111/andr.12645. 69. Kamieniczna M., Fraczek M., Malcher A., Rozwadowska N., Czernikiewicz A., Jedrzejczak P., Semczuk M., Kurpisz M. Semen quality, hormonal levels, and androgen receptor gene polymorphisms in a population of young male volunteers from two different regions of Poland. Med Sci Monit. 2015; 21: 2494–2504. Doi: 10.12659/MSM.893628. 70. Osadchuk L.V., Kleshev M.A., Gutorova N.V., Petrova P.G., Troev I.P., Ostobunaev V.V., Osadchuk A.V. Regional peculiarities in semen quality and serum hormonal concentrations of citizens from Eastern Siberia. Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk. 2012; 67(3): 50–55. Doi: 10.15690/vramn.v67i3.185. Russian (Осадчук Л.В., Клещев М.А., Гуторова Н.В., Петрова П.Г., Троев И.П., Остобунаев В.В., Осадчук А.В.Гормональный профиль и качество спермы у мужчин Восточной Сибири. Вестник РАМН. 2012; 67(3): 50-54. DOI: 10.15690/vramn.v67i3.185.) 71. Li Y., Lin H., Ma M., Li L, Cai M., Zhou N., Han X., Bao H., Huang L., Zhu C., Li C., Yang H., Rao Z., Xiang Y., Cui Z., Ao L., Zhou Z., Xiong H., Cao J. Semen quality of 1346 healthy men, results from the Chongqing area of southwest China. Hum Reprod. 2009; 24(2): 459–469. Doi: 10.1093/humrep/den399. 72. Zou Z., Hu H., Song M., Shen Y., Guo X., McElreavey K., Bittles A.H., Wang W.Semen quality analysis of military personnel from six geographical areas of the People’s Republic of China. Fertil Steril. 2011; 95(6): 2018–2023. Doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.02.052. 73. Swan S.H., Brazil C., Drobnis E.Z., Liu F., Kruse R.L., Hatch M., Redmon J.B.,Wang C., Overstreet J.W. Study for Future Families Research Group. Geographic differences in semen quality of fertile U.S. males. Environ Health Perspect. 2003; 111: 414-420. Doi: 10.1289/ehp.5927. 74. Redmon J.B., Thomas W., Ma W., Drobnis E.Z., Sparks A., Wang C., Brazil C.,Overstreet J.W., Liu F., Swan S.H. Study for Future Families Research Group. Semen parameters in fertile US men: the study for future families. Andrology. 2013; 1(6):806–814. Doi: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00125.x. 75. Khandwala Y.S., Zhang C.A., Li S., Behr B., Guo D., Eisenberg M.L. Racial variation in semen quality at fertility evaluation. Urology. 2017; 106:96–102. Doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.03.064 76. Elbardisi H, Majzoub A, Al Said S, Al Rumaihi K, El Ansari W, Alattar A, Arafa M. Geographical differences in semen characteristics of 13 892 infertile men. Arab J Urol. 2018; 16(1): 3-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.aju.2017.11.018. 77. Durairajanayagam D. Lifestyle causes of male infertility. Arab J Urol. 2018. 16(1): 10–20. Doi: 10.1016/j.aju.2017.12.004. 78. Ilacqua A., Izzo G., Emerenziani G.P., Baldari C., Aversa A. Lifestyle and fertility: the influence of stress and quality of life on male fertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018; 16(1): 115. Doi: 10.1186/s12958-018-0436-9. 79. Cannarella R., Condorelli R.A., Duca Y., La Vignera S., Calogero A.E. New insights into the genetics of spermatogenic failure: a review of the literature. Hum Genet. 2019; 138(2): 125–140. Doi: 10.1007/s00439-019-01974-1. 80. Mendiola J., Jørgensen N., Mínguez-Alarcón L., Sarabia-Cos L., López-Espín J.J, Vivero-Salmerón G., Ruiz-Ruiz K.J., Fernández M.F., Olea N., Swan S.H., Torres-Cantero A.M. Sperm counts may have declined in young university students in Southern Spain. Andrology. 2013; 1(3): 408–413. Doi: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00058.x. 81. Rao M., Meng T.Q., Hu S.H., Guan H.T., Wei Q.Y., Xia W.1, Zhu C.H., Xiong C.L. Evaluation of semen quality in 1808 university students, from Wuhan, Central China. Asian J Androl. 2015; 17(1): 111-116. Doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.135984. 82. Al-Turki H.A. A 5-year analysis of semen parameters in Saudi Arabian men attending infertility clinics. J Int Med Res. 2016; 44(3): 656–661. Doi: 10.1177/0300060516632108.
А в т о р д л я с в я з и: Л. В. Осадчук – д.б.н., профессор, вед. научн. сотр. отдела молекулярной генетики
человека, ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр "Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук"», Новосибирск, Россия; e-mail: losadch@bionet.nsc.ru