DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/urology.2020.4.104-110
Е.А. Ефремов, Е.В. Касатонова, Я.И. Мельник, А.А. Никушина
Отдел андрологии и репродукции человека НИИ урологии и интервенционной радиологии им. Н. А. Лопаткина – филиал ФГБУ НМИРЦ Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
1. ESHRE guidance on recommencing ART treatments. Eshre.eu. 2020. COVID19WG. 2. ASRM patient management and clinical recommendations during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic update #5. Asrm.org. 2020 г. 3. Alviggi C., Esteves S.C., Orvieto R., Conforti A., La Marca A., Fischer R., Andersen C.Y., Bühler K., Sunkara S.K., Polyzos N.P., Strina I., Carbone L.,Bento F.C., Galliano D., Yarali H., Vuong L.N., Grynberg M.,Drakopoulos P., Xavier P., Llacer J., Neuspiller F., Horton M., Roque M., Papanikolaou E., Banker M., Dahan M.H., Foong S., Tournaye H., Blockeel C., Vaiarelli A., Humaidan P., Ubaldi F.M.; POSEIDON (Patient-Oriented Strategies Encompassing IndividualizeD Oocyte Number) group. COVID-19 and assisted reproductive technology services: repercussions for patients and proposal for individualized clinical management. Version 2. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2020;18(1):45. Doi: 10.1186/s12958-020-00605-z. 4. Chen Y., Guo Y., Pan Y., Zhao Z.J. Structure analysis of the receptor binding of 2019-nCoV. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020;525(1):135–140. Doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.071. 5. Song C., Wang Y., Li W., Hu B., Chen G., Xia P., Wang W., Li C., Diao F., Hu Z.,Yang X., Yao B., Liu Y. Absence of 2019 novel coronavirus in semen and testes of COVID-19 patients. Biol Reprod. 2020;103(1):4–6. Doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa050. 6. Chen Y.W., Lee M.S., Lucht A., Chou F.P., Huang W., Havighurst T.C., Kim K., Wang J.K., Antalis T.M., Johnson M.D., Lin C.Y. TMPRSS2, a serine protease expressed in the prostate on the apical surface of luminal epithelial cells and released into semen in prostasomes, is misregulated in prostate cancer cells. Am J Pathol. 2010;176(6):2986–2996. Doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090665. 7. Liu X., Chen Y., Tang W., Zhang L., Chen W., Yan Z., Yuan P., Yang M., Kong S., Yan L., Qiao J. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated gene ACE2 expression in normal and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) human male testes. Sci China Life Sci. 2020;63(7):1006–1015. Doi:10.1007/s11427-020-1705-0. 8. Douglas G.C., O’Bryan M.K., Hedger M.P., Lee D.K., Yarski M.A., Smith A.I., Lew R.A. The novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) homolog, ACE2, is selectively expressed by adult Leydig cells of the testis. Endocrinology. 2004;145(10):4703–4711. Doi: 10.1210/en.2004-0443. 9. Shen Q., Xiao X., Aierken A., Yue W., Wu X., Liao M., Hua J. The ACE2 expression in Sertoli cells and germ cells may cause male reproductive disorder after SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Cell Mol Med. 2020. Doi: 10.1111/jcmm.15541. 10. Ling Y., Xu S.B., Lin Y.X., Tian D., Zhu Z.Q., Dai F.H., Wu F., Song Z.G.,Huang W., Chen J., Hu B.J., Wang S., Mao E.Q., Zhu L., Zhang W.H., Lu H.Z.Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients. Version 2. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020;133(9):1039–1043. Doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000774. 11. Salam A.P., Horby P.W. The Breadth of Viruses in Human Semen. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(11):1922–1924. Doi: 10.3201/eid2311.171049. 12. Li D., Jin M., Bao P., Zhao W., Zhang S. Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men with Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(5):e208292. Doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8292 13. Song H., Seddighzadeh B., Cooperberg M.R., Huang F.W. Expression of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, and TMPRSS2 in Prostate Epithelial Cells. Eur Urol. 2020;S0302-2838(20)30333-X. Doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2020.04.065/ 14. Quan W., Chen J., Liu Z., Tian J., Chen X., Wu T., Ji Z., Tang J., Chu H.,Xu H., Zhao Y., Zheng Q. No SARS‐CoV‐2 in expressed prostatic secretion of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A descriptive multicentre study in China. medRxiv 2020.03.26.20044198. 2020. Doi: 10.1101/2020.03.26.20044198. 15. Zhang S., Wang X., Zhang H., Xu A., Fei G., Jiang X., Tu J., Qu G., Xu X., Li Y. The absence of coronavirus in expressed prostatic secretion in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan city. Reprod Toxicol. 2020;96:90–94. Doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.06.006. 16. Pan F., Xiao X., Guo J., Song Y., Li H., Patel D.P. No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen of males recovering from COVID-19. Fertil Steril. 2020;113:1135–1139. Doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.04.024. 17. Guo L., Zhao S., Li W., Wang Y., Li L., Jiang S., Ren W., Yuan Q., Zhang F., Kong F., Lei J., Yuan M. Absence of SARS-CoV-2 in Semen of a COVID-19 Patient Cohort. Andrology. 2020:10.1111/andr.12848. Doi: 10.1111/andr.12848. 18. Holtmann N., Edimiris P., Andree M., Doehmen C., Baston-Buest D., Adams O.,Kruessel J.S., Bielfeld A.P. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in human semen-a cohort study. Fertil Steril. 2020:S0015-0282(20)30519–30527. Doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.05.028. 19. Yang M., Chen S., Huang B., Zhong J.M., Su H., Chen Y.J., Cao Q., Ma L., He J.,Li X.F., Li X., Zhou J.J., Fan J., Luo D.J., Chang X.N., Arkun K., Zhou M., Nie X. Pathological Findings in the Testes of COVID-19 Patients: Clinical Implications. Eur Urol Focus. 2020:S2405-4569(20)30144–30149. Doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.05.009. 20. Corona G., Baldi E., Isidori A.M., Paoli D., Pallotti F., De Santis L., Francavilla F., La Vignera S., Selice R., Caponecchia L., Pivonello R., Ferlin A.,Foresta C., Jannini E.A., Lenzi A., Maggi M., Lombardo F. SARS-CoV-2 infection, male fertility and sperm cryopreservation: a position statement of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) (Società Italiana di Andrologia e Medicina della Sessualità). J Endocrinol Invest. 2020;43(8):1153–1157. Doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01290-w. 21. Xu J., Qi L., Chi X., Yang J., Wei X., Gong E., Peh S., Gu J. Orchitis: a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Biol Reprod. 2006;74(2):410–416. Doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.044776. 22. Verma S., Saksena S., Sadri-Ardekani H. ACE2 Receptor Expression in Testes: Implications in COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Biol Reprod. 2020;ioaa080. Doi:10.1093/biolre/ioaa080. 23. Rastrelli G., Di Stasi V., Inglese F., Beccaria M., Garuti M., Di Costanzo D.,Spreafico F., Greco G.F., Cervi G., Pecoriello A., Magini A., Todisco T., Cipriani S., Maseroli E., Corona G., Salonia A., Lenzi A., Maggi M., De Donno G.,Vignozzi L. Low testosterone levels predict clinical adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients. Andrology. 2020:10.1111/andr.12821. Doi: 10.1111/andr.12821. 24. Schroeder M., Tuku B., Nierhaus A., Bai B., Jacobsen H., Zickler M. The majority of male patients with COVID-19 present low testosterone levels on admission to Intensive Care in Hamburg Germany: a retrospective cohort study. medRxiv 2020.05.07.20073817. 2020. Doi: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20073817. 25. Ma L., Xie W., Li D., Shi L., Mao Y., Xiong Y. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection upon male gonadal function: A single center- based study. medRxiv 2020.03.21.20037267. 2020. Doi: 10.1101/2020.03.21.20037267. 26. Hassanzadeh K., Perez Pena H., Dragotto J., Buccarello L., Iorio F., Pieraccini S., Sancini G., Feligioni M. Considerations around the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with particular attention to COVID-19 brain infection and neurological symptoms. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020 . Doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00373. 27. Rogers J.P., Chesney E., Oliver D., Pollak T.A., McGuire P., Fusar-Poli P.,Zandi M.S., Lewis G., David A.S. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(7):611–627. Doi: 10.1016/S2215–0366(20)30203-0 28. Szkodziak F., Krzyżanowski J., Szkodziak P. Psychological aspects of infertility. A systematic review. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(6):300060520932403. Doi: 10.1177/0300060520932403 29. Checconi P., De Angelis M., Marcocci M.E., Fraternale A., Magnani M., Palamara A.T., Nencioni L. Redox-Modulating Agents in the Treatment of Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(11):4084. Doi: 10.3390/ijms21114084. 30. Iddir M., Brito A., Dingeo G., Fernandez Del Campo S.S., Samouda H.,La Frano M.R., Bohn T. Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):E1562. Doi: 10.3390/nu12061562. 31. Delgado-Roche L., Mesta F. Oxidative Stress as Key Player in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Infection. Arch Med Res. 2020;51(5):384–387. Doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.019. 32. Alpalhão M., Ferreira J.A., Filipe P. Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk for cancer. Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:109882. Doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109882. 33. Panfoli I. Potential role of endothelial cell surface ectopic redox complexes in COVID-19 disease pathogenesis. Clin Med (Lond). 2020;clinmed.2020–0252. Doi:10.7861/clinmed.2020–0252. 34. Dutta S., Majzoub A., Agarwal A. Oxidative stress and sperm function: a systematic review on evaluation and management. Arab J Urol. 2019;17(2):87–97. Doi: 10.1080/2090598X.2019.1599624. 35. Sengupta P., Dutta S. Does SARS-CoV-2 infection cause sperm DNA fragmentation? Possible link with oxidative stress. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13625187.2020.1787376 36. Evenson D.P., Wixon R. Data analysis of two in vivo fertility studies using Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay-derived DNA fragmentation index vs. pregnancy outcome. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(4):1229–1231. Doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.066. 37. Bungum M., Humaidan P., Axmon A., Spano M., Bungum L., Erenpreiss J., Giwercman A. Sperm DNA integrity assessment in prediction of assisted reproduction technology outcome. Hum Reprod. 2007;22(1):174–179. Doi: 10.1093/humrep/del326. 38. Wright C., Milne S., Leeson H. Sperm DNA damage caused by oxidative stress: modifiable clinical, lifestyle and nutritional factors in male infertility. Reprod Biomed Online. 2014;28(6):684–703. Doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.004. 39. Skoracka K., Eder P., Łykowska-Szuber L., Dobrowolska A., Krela-Kaźmierczak I.Diet and Nutritional Factors in Male (In)fertility-Underestimated Factors. J Clin Med. 2020;9(5):1400. Doi: 10.3390/jcm9051400. 40. Smits R.M., Mackenzie-Proctor R., Yazdani A., Stankiewicz M.T., Jordan V., Showell M.G. Antioxidants for male subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;3(3):CD007411. Doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007411.pub4. 41. Theas M.S. Germ cell apoptosis and survival in testicular inflammation. Andrologia. 2018;50(11):e13083. Doi: 10.1111/and.13083. 42. Imamovic Kumalic S., Pinter B. Review of clinical trials on effects of oral antioxidants on basic semen and other parameters in idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:426951. Doi: 10.1155/2014/426951. 43. Neimark A.I., Neimark B.A., Davydov A.V. et al. Methods of correcting the fragmentation of sperm DNA in combination with varicocele in men with infertility in marriage. RMJ. 2017;8: 506–510. Russian (Неймарк А.И., Неймарк Б.А., Давыдов А.В., Ноздрачев Н.А., Борисенко Д.В., Архипов Д.О., Борисова О.Г., Семенова Н.А. Методы коррекции фрагментации ДНК сперматозоидов в сочетании с варикоцеле у мужчин с бесплодием в браке. РМЖ. 2017;8:506–510). 44. Tsukanov A. Yu., A. S. Delitsin Impact andropose on the quality of seminal plasma. Andrology and genital surgery. 2017;18(1):99–101. Russian(Цуканов А.Ю., Делицин А.С. Влияние андродоза на качество семенной плазмы. Андрология и генитальная хирургия. 2017;18(1):99–101). https://doi.org/10.17650/2070-9781-2017-18-1-99-101 45. Popova A.Y., Ovchinnikov R.I., Gamidov S.I. Antioxidant therapy improves the results of -test in infertile men during a preparation for assisted reproductive technology (IVF/ICSI). Urologiia. 2019;(1):90–96. Russian (Попова А.Ю., Овчинников Р.И., Гамидов С.И. Антиоксидантная терапия улучшает показатели НВА-теста у мужчин с бесплодием при подготовке к программам вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ЭКО/ИКСИ). Урология. 2019;(1):90–96. https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/urology.2019.1.90–96). 46. Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y., Zhang L., Fan G., Xu J., Gu X., Cheng Z., Yu T., Xia J., Wei Y., Wu W., Xie X., Yin W., Li H., Liu M., Xiao Y., Gao H., Guo L., Xie J., Wang G., Jiang R., et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. 47. Youssef K., Abdelhak K. Male genital damage in COVID-19 patients: Are available data relevant?. Asian J Urol. 2020. Doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2020.06.005. 48. Booth F.W., Roberts C.K., Thyfault J.P., Ruegsegger G.N., Toedebusch R.G.Role of Inactivity in Chronic Diseases: Evolutionary Insight and Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Physiol Rev. 2017;97(4):1351–1402. Doi: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2016. 49. Krogh-Madsen R., Thyfault J.P., Broholm C., Mortensen O.H., Olsen R.H., Mounier R., Plomgaard P., van Hall G., Booth F.W., Pedersen B.K. A 2-wk reduction of ambulatory activity attenuates peripheral insulin sensitivity. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010 May;108(5):1034–1040. Doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00977.2009. 50. Leisegang K., Sengupta P., Agarwal A., Henkel R. Obesity and male infertility: Mechanisms and management. Andrologia. 2020:e13617. Doi:10.1111/and.13617. 51. Moldofsky H., Patcai J. Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, depression and disordered sleep in chronic post10SARS syndrome; a case-controlled study. BMC Neurol. 2011;11:37. Doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-11-37.
А в т о р д л я с в я з и: Е. В. Касатонова – научный сотрудник отдела андрологии и репродукции человека
НИИ урологии и интервенционной радиологии им. Н. А. Лопаткина – филиал ФГБУ НМИРЦ Минздрава России,
Москва, Россия; e-mail: kasatonova@yandex.ru