This review highlights modern aspects of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of bladder leukoplakia. The search was conducted using Medline, PubMed, and EMBASE databases. Data from a literature search indicate that leukoplakia of the bladder (LMP) is one of the controversial diseases of the urinary system, which is characterized by dystrophic and proliferative changes in the urothelium of Lieto’s triangle. The authors of various studies focus on the involvement of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the bladder in the development of this condition in the presence of predisposing factors.

Keywords: keratinizing squamous metaplasia, leukoplakia of the bladder, urothelium, chronic cystitis